Non-pressure liquid fuel burner



r Ma Muir Lab-51h y 1957 F. GOLDBERGER KONSTANDT NON-PRESSURE LIQUIDFUEL BURNER Filed March 25, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet l eL-,e 6 1 a so 9 v a aa 6 e e a e a 6 6 e e e 6 i8 0 a 8 6 e e 8 6 5b e 6 5b 3 4 5 27 4 5 2725 l7 lo I I8 o 17 'F: 2e 3- 7 3 -20 2| -24- 1 2| 2 24 28 m 2-: I U 2 u;:g: E

INVENTOR FRANCISCO GOLDBERGER KONSTANDT ATTORNEYS July 23, 1957 F.GOLDBER GER KONSTANDT ,1

NON-PRESSURE LIQUID FUEL BURNER v Filed March 23, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2FIGJZ FIG.|3

I FRANCISCO GOLDBERGER KONSTANDT BY w fi ATTORNEYS United States PatentNON-PRESSURE LIQUID FUEL BURNER Francisco Goldberger Konstandt, BuenosAires, Argentina Application March 23, 1953, Serial No. 344,111

Claims. (Cl. 158-88) The present invention relates to improvements inliquid fuel burning heating apparatus and it consists of the mattershereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims. The invention is more especially concerned with heatingapparatus employing wicks in the burner-thereof for conveying fuel froma reservoir, forming the base of the apparatus, to a fuel vaporizing andburning zone in the head of the apparatus and which head is arranged inspaced relation above the reservoir and is formed for the inlet of airto support combustion of fuel in said zone as well as for the passage 02.the products of combustion from said zone for purpose 0 use. a

One of the objects of the present invention'is to provide heatingapparatus of the kind above mentioned 'including a fuel burner of thewick type and which is of simple construction for easy assembly and lowcost production, which is economicalin'the consumption of fuel and maybe readily kept in a clean condition for efficient and safe operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus of this kindwhich includes a novel arrangement of burner and pilot wick whereby theburning of the fuel may be easily and accurately adjusted and controlledfor efiicient combustion. i

The above mentioned objects of the invention, as well as others alongwith the advantages thereof, will more 7 fully appear asthespecification proceeds.

According to one embodiment of the'present invention the apparatusincludes a non-pressure liquid fuel burner of the wick type whichvaporizes the wick fed fuel in an annular burning zone between, coaxial:perfora'ted jackets or shells and has a fuel container situated beneathsaid combustion zone. Several fixed tubes are arranged in a circularform on the said fuel container and extend upwardly therefrom tocommunicate at the top, with said zone, the said fixed tubes havingslidable therein, other tubes for containing wicks. Said other tubes areconnected to vertically displaceable carrier members, operated byexternal control means characterised in that the wicks and their tubesare divided into pilot and burning groups respectively, the control ofone group being independent of the control of the other and the wicks ofthe pilot group being arranged between associated wicks of the burninggroup.

In a preferred form of the invention the number of the wicks of theburning group 'is twice the number of the wicks of the pilot group, thewicks of the first mentioned group serving to provide the ordinary flamefor heating purposes and the wicks of the second mentionedgroup servingto provide the pilot lights.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated by way of examplein the accompanyingdrawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical-sectionthrough the completeapparatus and its burner as taken along line 1-1 of.Fig; 3.

Fig. 2 is another vertical section throughithe apparatus, taken. ona-plane at a right: angle to thatof Fig. .1.

ming or otherwise interfering with each other.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional 'view through a part of the apparatusas taken cut along line 33 of Fig. 1.

Figs. 4 to 14 are views of several details of the parts of the burnerand which will-be more fully referred to as the specification proceeds.

The apparatus includes a fuel container or reservoirl provided with aremovable cover 2. On the said cover 2 are several upright tubesarranged in a circle, some of the tubes 3 serving to guide pilot lightwicks and others 4 to guide the ordinary flame wicks. On the top ends ofsaid tubes 3 and 4 there is arranged the base of a vaporiser or burnerhead 5. This vaporiser or head consists of a perforated inner cone 6provided with an imperforate lid or top 7 and a concentric perforatedouter cone 8 having a top 9, that includes an imperforate side wall andtop flange. This combination of cones, with their tops, supported on thebase 5 forms the burner head of the apparatus and the space between saidcones forms the annular burning zone in said head. Instead of the twoperforated cones 6 and 8 two perforated and concentrical cylinders maybe substituted.

The base of the vaporizer or burner head is provided with a central airinlet opening 5 and a plurality of air inlet openings 5* between thebottom end of the outer cone or shell 8 and the bottom end of theimperforate side wall of the top 9. It is through said openings, thatair enters the head to support combustion of fuel in the annular burningzone. The outer periphery of thetop 7 and the inner periphery of theflange at the upper end of the side wall of the top 9 coact to providean annular opening or space 6 that registers with the top of the annularburning Zone and provides an outlet for 'the'products'ofcombustion-generated in said zone.

Within each fixed tube 3 is 'a movable tube 10 and in each fixed tube 4a movable tube 11. The lower ends reservoir,.-whilstthe lower end ofsaid tubes 11 are fixed .on another and lower plate plate 13 in saidreservoir.

Both plates 12, 13 are so constructed that their respective tubes 10 and11 may pass said plates without jam- As is seen in Figs. 4and 5 theplate .12 is provided with open- .ings 14in which the tubes 10 arefixed, whereas the plate 13 is provided with openings 15 in which thetubes 11 are fixed, the number of openings 15 being preferably twice thenumber of openings 14. The burner illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings has twelve outer tubes 3, 4, twelve inner tubes 10, 11, andtwelve wicks 16, 29, eight of the latter identified :by 16, beingintended for the ordinary flame or burning purpose, and four, identifiedby 29, for the pilot lights.

It is to be noted from Figs. 2 and 4 that peripheral portions of eachplate 12 and 13 are removed for the free passage of the tubes .10 and11, carried by the other plate. Also it is to be noted from Fig. 3, thatthere isone tube 10 disposed between each tube of the adjacent tubes 11and whereby each pilot wick 29 carried by a tube 10 is disposed betweentwo associated tubes 11 and in operative position for the ignition ofthe burner wicks 16 in said tubes 11.

Between the cover 2 and the base of the vaporiser or burner head, thereare control means for the wicks '16 and 29 respectively mounted in sucha way as to pass between two of the tubes 4. The control means-consistof two independently acting groups or parts, one group serving to movethe plate 13 up or down together withits associated inner tubes 11housing the flame or burner wicks 16 and the other group serving tolikewise move the plate 12 with its associated'tubes 10 housing thepilot light wicks 29.

The first of the said means consists of a horizontally disposed shaft orrod 17 having abutto'n 18 at its outer end, the said rod 17 beingmounted on supports 19, 20 rising from the reservoir cover 2. Said rodis adapted to move the plates 13 vertically by means of a lever 21,

link 22, keys 23, through a pivotal connection 24.

The control means of the plate 12 is somewhat similar and consist of ahandle fast with a tube 26 which encircles the rod 17 and a lever 27pivotally connected to an arm 28, the latter being connected to theplate 12.

,The plate 13 is provided with a slot 36 in which the link 22 is movablyengaged. In order to enable the link 22 to reach the plate 13 withoutfouling the plate 12, the latter is provided with a corresponding slot31. Another slot 32 in plate 12 is the same as the slot in plate 13.

The outer tubes 3, 4, are made of metals which are poor thermalconductors as, for instance, a very thin iron sheet. These tubes are,according to a satisfactory construction in practice, at least 1 /2 in.long so'that the wicks may be sufficiently retracted in order to beextinguished and to effect the desired thermal insulation between thevaporiser and the fuel container 1. In this manner, the heating of thefuel in the container 1 and the risk of explosion are avoided.

The said tubes 3, 4, serve at the same time as hollow posts andseparators between the cover 2 and the vaporizer base 5. They'may bemade from a sheet tin blank (Fig. 6) 33, in the shape of two rectangles,the portion with the base a being higher than the portion with the base[2. This sheet 33 is rolled or convoluted approximately twice, thehigher portion of the said sheet forming the inner turn 34 whilst theouter turn 35, the height of which is defined by the height 0 of thesecond portion of the sheet 33, acts as a separator (see Figs. 7, 8 and9). This arrangement hasseveral advantages; it eliminates the necessityof providing separators and allows the tubes 3, 4, to be fixed withoutwelding to the cover 2 and to the base of the vaporiser 5, as forinstance, by riveting them to the same, since the inner turn 34 projectsat both ends beyond the outer turn 35 in such a manner as to leave freemargins 36 for rivet ing. Moreover, the two tightly rolled turns orconvolutions close the seam of the tube sufliciently for its I purposes.It is possible to apply, to the portion limited by b and c of the sheet33, an adhesive material or a sheet of paper so as to reinforce thesame.

The new burner has several stranded wicks which, how ever aremanufactured in a novel manner. The use of cotton wicks for feeding fuelby capillary action has the disadvantage that their tips become charredand worn. Asbestos wicks, which do not wear down, may

not be used when the container is situated beneath the combustion spacein view of their inadequate capillary action. According to the presentinvention, a cotton wick 37 feeds the fuel up to a point adjacent thecombustion zone or space where the liquid is absorbed by an asbestoswick portion 38 intimately and directly joined to the cotton wick. Thecotton wick 37 extends from the fuel container to approximately half thelength of an outer wire mesh sleeve 39 or, the wick may be protected bya perforated pipe or tube 42 to half of its perforated portion 43 whereit is fastened to the asbestos wick 38. In order to arrange the wick ata required level in the inner tubes 10, 11, a wire 40 provided with astop 41 may be employed as well as a relatively longer sleeve 42. It ispossible, moreover, to provide the sleeve 42 with an inner flange 44,see Fig. 14, in order to secure the wick.

The wicks 29 for the pilot lights may be of a relatively smallerdiameter than that of the wicks 16 intended for the common flamecombustion or burning purpose, in which case the other componentsrelated to the pilot lights will be correspondingly dimensioned.

The operation of the burner will be readily understood from Figs. 1 and2; the plate 12 carrying the tubes 3 is at its maximum level of itsupward displacement and 4 wherein the tips of the pilot light wicks 29extend above the level of the base of the vaporiser 5 in the lowerportion of the annular zone or space between the perforated walls of theconcentric cones 6 and 8 respectively. By turning the rod 17 through theknob 18 the wicks 16 and their tubes 11 are raised or elevated throughthe lever 21, link 22 and plate 13. When the plate 13 has been soelevated, the tips of the wicks 16 in the tubes 11 show or are exposedin the bottom of the combustion zone between the cones 6 and 8 on orabout the same level as the tips of the wicks for the pilot lights 29.This is due to the fact that the tubes 11 are considerably longer thanthe tubes 10. Since the wicks 16 are arranged in such a manner as to bealways adjacent an ignited pilot light wick, upon coming into thecombustion zone or space they too are ignited. The most convenientsystem is to arrange a pilot light wick 29 between two ordinary flame orburner wicks 16.

When it is desired to extinguish the flame the knob 18 is turned in theopposite direction and the wicks 16 descend within the tubes 4. Thesetubes are poor heat conductors and are so dimensioned that when thewicks are lowered into a cold zone, vaporisation is stopped. Only thepilot light wicks 29 are still burning and they, in their turn, areextinguished, when the handle 25 is turned, lowering the plate 12 to thelevel indicated with dotted lines 12' in Figs. 1 and 2.

It is pointed out that air entering the inlet openings 5 in the base ofthe vaporizer or burner head, not only asserts in supporting combustionin the zone between the cones or shells 6 and 8, but it keeps theupright wall of the top 9 in such a relatively cool condition thataccidental contact with the latter will not result in injury to parts ofthe person accidentally touching .the same.

It is to be understood that modifications may be made in theconstruction of the burner within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is: k V

l. A liquid fuel burning heating apparatus embodying therein, a fuelreservoir, a burner head including upright concentric spaced circularwalls forming an annular fuel burning zone and having openings in saidwalls for entry of air to support combustion in said zone, said wallsbeing arranged to allow passag'e of the products of combustion from saidzone, guide tubes supporting said head in spaced 'relation above saidreservoir and opening at their bottom and top ends into said reservoirand said zone respectively, a set of pilot wick holders and a set ofburner wick holders arranged one in each guide tube, a pilot wick ineach pilot wick holder, a burner wick in each burner wick holder andwith each pilot wick in igniting relation to at least one of said burnerwicks, a firstcarrier in the reservoir to which the bottom ends of theset of pilot wick holders are attached for a raising and loweringmovement therewith, a second carrier in said reservoir to which thebottom ends of the set of burner wick holders are attached for a raisingand lowering movement therewith, and means operable from outside thereservoir for imparting a raising and lowering movement to said firstand second carriers, the one independently of the other. i

2. A heating apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which there is apilot wick holder disposed between each two of the burner wick holders.

3. A heating apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which the firstcarrier has peripheral recesses for the passage of the wick holdersattached to the other carrier.

4. A heating apparatusas set forth in claim 1, in which the manuallyoperable means is disposed between the reservoir and the burner head.

5. A heating apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which the manuallyoperable means includes horizontally disposed shaft like parts disposedbetween the reservoir and the burner head.

6,;A heating apparatus. as set forth in claim 1, in

which said guide tubes, said burner head and said wick holders aremounted upon a top for the reservoir as a unitary assembly.

7. A liquid fuel burning heating apparatus embodying therein a fuelreservoir having a top, a burner head including upright concentricspaced circular walls forming an annular fuel burning zone and havingopenings in said walls for entry of air to support combustion in saidzone, said walls being arranged to allow passage of the products ofcombustion from said zone, guide tubes arranged in a circle on the topof said reservoir for supporting said head in spaced relation above saidreservoir and opening at their bottom ends through said top into saidreservoir and opening at their top ends into said zone, said guide tubesbeing arranged in arcuately spaced groups about said circle, a set ofpilot wick holders and a set of burner wick holders, arranged one ineach guide tube, a pilot wick in each pilot wick holder, a burner wickin each burner wick holder, there being a pilot wick tube in one guidetube of each group, and the burner wick tube, one burner wick in each ofthe burner wick holders of each group being in ignition relation to thepilot wick in the same group, a first carrier in the reservoir to whichthe bottom ends of the set of pilot wick holders are attached for araising and lowering movement therewith, a second carrier in saidreservoir to which the bottom ends of the set of burner wick holders areattached for a raising and lowering movement therewith and meansoperable from above the top of the reservoir for imparting a raising andlowering movement to said first and second carriers, the oneindependently of the other.

8. A heating apparatus as set forth in claim 7, in which each group ofguide tubes are three in number and the guide tube of each group andcontaining the pilot wick tube is disposed between the other two of theguide tubes of the same group and containing the burning wick tubes. 9.A liquid fuel burning heating apparatus embodying therein a fuelreservoir having a top, a burner head including upright concentricspaced circular walls forming an annular fuel burning zone and havingopenings in said walls for entry of air to support combustion in saidzone, said walls being arranged to allow passage of the products ofcombustion from said zone, guide tubes arranged in a circle on the topof said reservoir for supporting said head in spaced relation abovesaid'reservoir and opening at their bottom ends through said top intosaid reservoir and opening at their top ends into said zone, said guidetubes being arranged in arcuately spaced groups about said circle, a setof pilot wick holders and a set of burner wick holders, arranged one ineach guide tube, a pilot wick in each pilot wick holder, a burner wickin each burner wick holder, there being a pilot wick tube in one guidetube of each group and the burner wick tube, one burner wick in each ofthe burner wick holders of each group being in ignition relation to thepilot wick in the same group, a first carrier in the reservoir to whichthe bottom ends of the set of pilot wick holders are attached for araising and lowering movement therewith, a second carrier in saidreservoir to which the bottom ends of the set of burner wick holders areattached for a raising and lowering movement therewith, a pair ofcoaxial, horizontal shafts arranged above the top of the reservoir andextending through a space between two adjacent groups of guide tubeswith their inner ends inside the circle of said tubes and with theirouter ends outside said circle of said guide tubes, means connecting theinner end of each of said shafts with said first and second mentionedcarriers respecting and operable to raise and lower the same in aturning movement of said shafts and means on the outer ends of saidshaft for imparting a turning movement thereto.

10. A heating apparatus as set forth in claim 1, in which the secondcarrier has peripheral recesses for the passages of the wicks in thewick holders attached to the first carrier.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS114,906 Beebe May 16, 1871 145,667 Martin Dec. 16, 1873 765,976 JamesJuly 26, 1904 1,089,966 Ruppel Mar. 10, 1914 1,161,524 Phillips Nov. 23,1915 FOREIGN PATENTS 588 Great Britain Feb. 12, 1878 532,239 GreatBritain Jan. 21, 1941

